NPPB and hydrops fetalis: The diagnosis of HFpEF remains challenging, and it is based on the presence of signs and symptoms of HF, preserved LVEF, elevated levels of natriuretic peptides (BNP > 35 pg/mL and/or NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL) and at least one additional criterion (relevant structural heart disease such as left ventricular hypertrophy and/or left atrial enlargement, diastolic dysfunction).