In several cardiac conditions associated with elevated intracardiac pressures, as seen in systemic hypertension or aortic stenosis in humans or rodent TAC models, myocardial osteopontin upregulation was associated with adverse changes in ECM homeostasis along with functional alterations of myocardial cells [29,58,59,67,68,84,127,140]. Here, SPP1 is linked to aortic stenosis.