VEGFA and hydrops fetalis: The inhibition of VEGF signalling in animal models of pressure overload leads to capillary rarefaction, reduced contractile function and the development of HF.239 Preliminary data suggest a role for cardiac microvascular dysfunction in the development of LVSD in patients treated with VSPI.240 Additionally, VEGF TKIs also act on a range of non-VEGF targets and this varies between drugs.