IL6 and neoplasm: However, prolonged activation of pro-inflammatory signalling, especially via IL-6, induces cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction.100,101 Importantly, pro-inflammatory cytokines also promote tumourigenesis.102,103 In addition, the tumour-microenvironment is infiltrated by tumour associated macrophages, which produce cytokines to stimulate angiogenesis and inhibit the anti-tumour response of cytotoxic T-cells.104,105