CRP and neoplasm: Patients with HF and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (>2 mg/L) have an increased risk of cancer.14,106,107 In a pre-clinical model of MI-induced HF described previously, the subsequent effect of HF upon increased tumour growth was accompanied by elevated circulating concentrations of pro-cancer chemokines, such as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL13).