In this study, ferroptosis (Figure 2F), ROS metabolic process (Figures 3A,B), and NAFLD (containing IL-6, BID, PRKAA2) signaling were identified as the activated biological processes or pathways involved in CAVD, and particularly, NAFLD was validated by WebGestalt, DAVID, and Metascape, which was consistent with the previous findings (6, 21). This evidence concerns the gene PRKAA2 and congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.