ALK and lung cancer: In lung cancer, neoadjuvant treatment has many appeals, which are not lost in the case of ALK: 1) providing the early opportunity to eradicate micrometastatic disease, 2) increasing systemic treatment initiation rate and compliance, and 3) assessing pathological response, thus providing early information on the treatment response and guiding ongoing therapy and prognostication to potentially eliminate live tumor cells released into the circulation during surgery (134–137).