SMAD3 and heart failure: The effects of sacubitril/valsartan on collagen synthesis, TGF-β1, and phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) expressions were consistent in various animal models on cardiac failure such as streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (Ai et al., 2021) and left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation-induced MI (Wu M. et al., 2021) rat models.