TLR4 and cancer: Other DAMPs released by ER stress, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and ATP, induce proinflammatory cytokine production by dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and purinergic receptor P2X7 or act as a “find me” signal; however, these effects have not been validated in cancer cells with CIN/aneuploidy (32–34).