In an air-liquid interface model of nasal epithelial cells from patients with CRS, IL-22 and IL-26 disrupted the epithelial barrier, as evidenced by a loss of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), increased paracellular permeability, and disruption of the tight junction protein zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) (45). Here, TJP1 is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.