AKT1 and melanoma: In addition, the inhibition of de novo synthesis of mevalonate (MVA) and cholesterol by lipid-lowering agent statins, including simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin, might suppress the expression of PD-L1 on melanoma cells through an AKT- and β-catenin-dependent pathway, which helps to suppress tumor-immune evasion and increase the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer therapy in a preclinical tumor model (144).