SOD1 and diabetes mellitus: In addition, diabetes is closely linked to oxidative stress, which causes an excess of free radicals such as reactive oxygen species and is responsible for the dynamic imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant systems, which causes inflammation and damage to pancreatic tissue; then reduces the activity of SOD, an important antioxidant enzyme that scavenge oxygen free radicals, exacerbates inflammation and ultimately leads to apoptosis and damage of MIN6 cells (Gong et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2021; Sultan et al., 2021).