CXCL11 and neoplasm: In addition, accumulating evidence has suggested that the CXCL10 and CXCL11/CXCR3 axis could impose antitumor effects by recruiting Th1 cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T cells to tumor sites (Hensbergen et al., 2005) and it has protumor effects on cancer cells expressing CXCR3 (Cambien et al., 2009).