The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway is linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and function [31, 32] and impaired AMPK/PGC-1α signaling contributes to the aforementioned mitochondrial dysfunction and development of sensory neuropathy in diabetes [24, 30, 33–35]. The gene discussed is PRKAA2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.