Intriguingly, EVs from OXP-treated cancer cells carried messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for TFs (Myc, Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog, Hes1, Nes), invasion molecules (Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1, also known as bHLHa38)), ICs (programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (Pdcd1lg2, also known as Pdl2), lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9 (Lgals9, best known as galectin-9)) and Ifnb1 (Fig. 3e), suggesting their contribution to cancer cell dedifferentiation and aggressiveness upon ICD. Here, NES is linked to cancer.