The AUC values of CO9, LBP, SVEP1, and VWF for HCC were 0.929, 0.964, 1.000, and 0.964, respectively, whereas the AUC values of AFP for HCC were reported to be 0.830 in a systematic review and meta-analysis26. This evidence concerns the gene PSPHP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.