Finally, it is well known that T-cell exhaustion, including loss of polyfunctionality, is a hallmark of many cancers and chronic infections.28 Consequently, therapies restoring T-cell polyfunctionality were often associated with good clinical outcomes.29 30 As shown in figure 5C, polyfunctionality analysis showed that BCG and Zol combinatorial treatment enhances Vδ2 T-cell trifunctionality, as measured by the coexpression of CD107a, IFN-γ and TNF-α, compared with both individual treatments. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.