Interestingly, it has been shown that BCG-PAgs- and IPP-reactivity elicit distinct Vδ2 T-cell clonotypes.41 Although the detailed mechanism underlying such specificity remains unknown, the involvement of the Vγ9 CDR3 region seems critical for defining the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR reactivity.42 43 Therefore, Zol and BCG combinatorial treatment may trigger a larger and more diverse Vδ2 T-cell repertoire against bladder tumors. Here, IPP is linked to urinary bladder neoplasm.