RPS6KB1 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Levels of mTOR, phosphorylated S6K (P-S6K), and phosphorylated S6 (P-S6) are aberrantly upregulated in renal cysts in ADPKD and PKD mouse models (Tao et al., 2005; Shillingford et al., 2006; Wahl et al., 2006), and mTOR inhibition with rapalogs reduced cyst growth and kidney enlargement and preserved renal function in PKD rodent models (Torres et al., 2010).