PTPN11 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: In contrast, SHP2 inhibits cell survival behavior in liver cancer (Bard-Chapeau et al., 2011), colon cancer (Cai et al., 2014), metachondromatosis (Bowen et al., 2011), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Qi et al., 2017) and facilitates cell death of glioma cells induced by co-inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Met (Furcht et al., 2014).