IL1A and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Specifically, pentadecanoylcarnitine had broad anti-inflammatory activities, including lowering multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (including IL-1α and MCP-1) in four human cell systems mimicking chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease, lung inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dermatitis, psoriasis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.