Mutations affecting function of the human NOXs cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease (NOX2), and NOX dysregulation has been attributed to cardiovascular, neurological disorders (NOX2, NOX4), and pulmonary diseases and cancers (NOX1 and NOX4) [[23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34]]. The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is chronic granulomatous disease.