VEGFA and neoplasm: Tumor cells are known to produce growth factors and cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factors, and basic fibroblast growth factors, which have various biological activities in tumor cells and stroma cells, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts (Hayashido et al. 1998; Guo et al. 2021; Motwani and Eccles 2021).