For Ki-67+ cells in all PBMCs, the increase in Ki-67+ cells among CD45+ cells in patients with new-onset and treated SLE was determined as significant compared with HDs (median: new-onset SLE 8.787%, treated SLE 4.347%, HD 3.297%, new-onset SLE vs HD P < 0.0001, treated SLE vs HD P = 0.0018) (Supplementary Figure S4). The gene discussed is PTPRC; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.