For example, in a Phase III study of Stage III melanoma, the authors reported an improved 5-year recurrence-free survival (40.8% vs. 30.3% with placebo) with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4), and a 5-year overall survival of 65.4% vs. 54.4% with placebo [4], thus leading to the FDA approval for ipilimumab for adjuvant therapy of melanoma. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and melanoma.