PTEN and glioma: IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in patients with gliomas can be used as the basis for classification [40]; gliomas are classified into G1, G2, and G3 subtypes by the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) [41]; gene mutations such as TP53, PTEN, and H3K27M and other gene mutations are also involved in the occurrence and development of gliomas [42, 43].