IFNA1 and temporal arteritis: Other cytokines such as IFN-α, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-5, and L-selectin were found at comparable levels in GCA patients and controls [16, 18, 19, 22]; however, the potential involvement of IL-1RA, IL-5, and L-selectin in the development of arterial aneurysms has been suggested by animal models [23–25].