In Fig. 8b, SA-β-Gal and NAFLD/NASH were the strongest predictors for liver p21, followed by GREM1. A partial dependence plot revealed that SA-β-Gal increased prediction of p21 in an incremental fashion (Fig. 8b), and liver GREM1 demonstrated a strong interaction with NAFLD/NASH for prediction of liver p16 (Fig. 8c). Here, CDKN2A is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.