COL1A1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: We further observed that hepatic GREM1 levels were positively correlated with several markers of senescence in NAFLD/NASH, including visceral fat area, insulin levels and insulin resistance measured using homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Adipo-IR and inflammatory (serum and liver interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels) and hepatic fibrotic (αSMA and COL1A1) markers, whereas they were negatively correlated with serum adiponectin levels (Supplementary Table 2).