In a recent rodent brain ischemia study (1.5–3 h after MCAO), it was shown that i.p. treatment with C21 (0.03 mg/kg) at reperfusion downregulated apoptotic and oxidative markers, increased neurotrophin activity, reduced inflammation and infarct size and improved behavioral outcome at 24 h without affecting the blood pressure59. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and brain ischemia.