IL6 and cancer: While miR-181a-3p and both miR-195a-5p and miR-125b-1-3p induced muscle atrophy by activating apoptotic signaling pathways [61,62], a decrease in miR-497-5p mediated by IL-6, counteracted muscle atrophy by stimulating expression of hypertrophy-related genes in cancer cachexia [63].