Recent studies identified mutations in another NEK family member, NEK1, as a risk factor for both sALS36 and fALS where NEK1 variants occur together with other ALS genes, including superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), C9orf72, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP), and tubulin beta 4A Class IVa (TUBB4A). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.