The high levels of six LIF-related genes (LIF, RGS2, RND3, RRP12, SOCS3, and PIM3) were significantly correlated with shorter OS for ccRCC patients, whereas the remaining three LIF-related genes (TOB2, MEPCE, and KLF6) were significantly associated with longer OS for ccRCC patients (Figure 6A). Here, TOB2 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.