AKT1 and visceral leishmaniasis: Similarly, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) has previously been shown to be involved in arginase (Arg1) expression in visceral leishmaniasis (Osorio et al., 2014) and also targeted by rotaviruses, dsRNA viruses, to manipulate the PI3K/Akt pathway and block autophagy (Zhou et al., 2018).