KISS1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: Although arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons, critical in generating pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion (20–23), are likely impaired by endocrine dysregulations associated with PCOS, the kisspeptin neurons involved in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge mechanism may also be affected, contributing to impaired ovulatory function in PCOS.