EPN1 and colonic neoplasm: For example, high CHRM3 levels are linked to invasion and metastasis in colon cancers (Cheng et al., 2017; Felton et al., 2018); loss of EPN1 was linked to elevated VEGFR2 degradation and disorganized angiogenesis (Pasula et al., 2012); and elevated PTGER3 levels was linked to shorter survival times in cervical cancers (Heidegger et al., 2017).