ADAR and congenital heart disease: Remarkably, based on mRNA expression analyses from samples derived from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, the same study also measured both ADAR1 p150 and p110 isoforms to be upregulated 2- to 14-fold and ADAR2 to be markedly downregulated (∼75%–95%) specifically within human hearts in variable congenital heart diseases.