On the one hand, high IF1 levels might guarantee cell survival avoiding ATP dissipation in solid tumors, where cells experience hypoxic conditions and anoxia, as in the aforementioned pancreatic cancer, on the other, high IF1 expression levels might disfavour cancer invasion and progression in those normoxic tumors which require active oxidative phosphorylation for metastasis. This evidence concerns the gene ATP5IF1 and cancer.