CD274 and glioblastoma: There is some controversy regarding nomenclature and sizes of the different types of vesicles, though small EVs (<100 nm) are often termed exosomes and larger EVs (>100–1000 nm) are often called microvesicles.25 Regardless, EVs have a critical role in cell-to-cell communication by facilitating cellular exchange of proteins, DNA, and RNA.26 GBM-derived EVs specifically contain miRNAs, mRNAs, rRNAs, tRNAs, and gene-regulating proteins.27,28 We have recently demonstrated that GBM EVs potently inducer immunosuppressive monocytes in a partly PD-L1-dependent fashion.