TNF and hepatitis B virus infection: Physicians should screen for LTBI, tumors, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, as well as other serious infectious diseases before initiating treatment with a TNF-α inhibitor, but b/tsDMARDs for patients with HIV-positive at the same time, there are still no new recommendations in the 2021 American Rheumatology Association Rheumatoid Arthritis guidelines (7).