116 detectable blood miRNAs generally up-regulated in SIRS vs no-SIRS patients and higher in non-infective SIRS than sepsis. Inversely correlate with IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and CRP levelsTop 5 miRNAs (miR-23a-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p & miR-192-5p) discriminate severe sepsis from severe SIRSmiRNA levels inversely correlate with IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, CRP, PSP levels, but not SOFA score. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.