FOS and major depressive disorder: Qi et al. (2020) reported ASH extract’s antidepressant effect by improving the contents of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Moreover, Bhaktaprasad and Dongwook (2014) showed that ASH extract restored both altered c-fos expression and HPA activity, which have beneficial effects on depression behaviors. The anti-inflammatory, antistress, and neuroprotective effects of ASH are also very beneficial in treating depression (Kimura and Sumiyoshi 2004; Zhang S. et al., 2014; Han et al., 2016).