TRAF6 and central nervous system cancer: 2012); the targeted reduction of TRAF6 expression hinders the osteosarcoma progression, prompting that TRAF6 might be a promising novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma (Guo et al. 2020). Crucially, this study revealed that ATS decreased the protein level of TRAF6, implying that ATS might be a potential drug for osteosarcoma treatment. A recent study confirms that GTPase M elevates the TRAF6 expression and facilitates the transport of NF-κB to the nucleus, thus accelerating the M2 phenotype macrophage polarization in gliomas (Xu et al. 2019).