Based on the identification of polymorphisms in genes such as patatin-like phospholipase domain–containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), known to not only regulate lipid metabolism but also associated with progression of NASH, it is thought that hepatic steatosis is an important therapeutic target pathway for alleviating NASH (18, 19, 20, 21). This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.