Additional benefits of maternally administered probiotics include improvement of metabolic parameters (insulin levels and insulin resistance, very low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol concentration) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [9], reduced rectal and vaginal Group B Streptococci colonization before parturition (important to prevent offspring mortality caused by Early Onset Group B Streptococcus disease) [10], and reduced incidence of mastitis [11]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and gestational diabetes.