HOXA-AS3 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: HOXA-AS3 expression has been implicated in a variety of human diseases and pathophysiological processes, including liver cancer [23–25], glioma [26, 27], lung cancer [28–30], oral cancer [31], colorectal cancer [32], gastric cancer [33], pancreatic cancer [34], endometriosis [35], atherosclerosis [36, 37], pulmonary arterial hypertension [38, 39], and even the lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [39], according to numerous studies.