In SAT (Fig. 6A–C), PCOS rats NRF1 gene expression was downregulated compared to controls (− 0.80 ± 0.10 vs 0.00 ± 0.19, P < 0.05), with no changes in PPARγ or PGC1α expression. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and polycystic ovary syndrome.