A study compared the incidence of stroke, the volume of the brain lesion, patency of the microvessels by FITC-dextran perfusion and the number of microvessels by immunohisochemical detection of vwF between NBP pretreatment group and control group. The incidence of ischemic stroke and the volume of the infarct were decreased, and the perfused microvessels were increased with NBP pretreatment [18]. In addition, NBP reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes induced by chronic cerebral ischemia, so as to play a protective effect on hippocampal injury [19]. Here, GFAP is linked to ischemic stroke.