In addition, there is a negative feedback mechanism whereby NKILA suppresses TGF-β-mediated EMT by inhibiting NF-κB.[80] In addition, lower levels of NKILA lead to the activation of IκBα phosphorylation and the NF-κB pathway in rectal cancer, causing tumor proliferation and metastasis, ultimately resulting in exacerbation of the clinical stage of the tumor and poor prognosis.[81]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and rectal cancer.