AKT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, FGF21 protects the heart against Type 2 diabetes by either AMPK-protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated anti-oxidative pathway or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)-Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) lipid-lowering pathway, primarily attributable to managing lipotoxicity (59).