Administration of clodronate liposome effectively diminished production of renal IL-1β and IL-18, and impaired the ability of high-dose ascorbate to attenuate mortality and tubulotoxicity of LIE mice (Figure 1B-D), implicating that macrophages play key roles in the anti-septic AKI efficacy of high-dose ascorbate therapy. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and acute kidney injury.