IGF1R and cutaneous mastocytosis: S100B [27], VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) [28], IGF-1R (the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) [29], Wnt-5a [30], LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) [31], and MIA (melanoma inhibitory activity) [32] have all been shown to correlate positively with prognosis in CM.