Age (non-cancer group 66.5 years vs. clinically insignificant prostate cancer [insignificant] 69.3 years vs. clinically significant prostate cancer [significant] 69.2 years, P = 0.049) and PSA (non-cancer group 7.9 ng/mL vs. insignificant 9.7 ng/mL vs. significant 34.2 ng/mL, P < 0.001) were higher in the prostate cancer group, and the prostate total volume (non-cancer group 48.9 mL vs. insignificant 34.2 mL vs. significant 35.0 mL, P < 0.001) was lower in men with prostate cancer than in men without prostate cancer. Here, KLK3 is linked to cancer.