Both CNTNAP2 and PTPRD have been previously reported to act as tumor suppressor genes in diffuse glioma: One copy loss of PTPRD has been oncogenic in the p16Ink4a knockout RCAS PDGFB/Nestin-tvA glioma mouse model16, which is prone to generating oligodendroglioma tumors49. This evidence concerns the gene NES and central nervous system cancer.